hate crimes Essay -- essays research papers fc

Defining Hate Crimes Hate crimes has become an increasing problem here in the united states ranging from racial hatred to gender discrimination but what are hate crimes? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes, Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. The coined term â€Å"hate crimes† was first used No matter how many different definitions there are for hate crimes but we all can agree that hate crimes are wrong and immoral. But within hate crimes they are many different types of hate crimes. One of the main reasons that people commit hate crimes would have to be because of racial hatred. Racial Hatred is a major factor in hate crimes with African Americans being the main target. According to the FBI database in 1996, 4,831 out of the 7,947 such crimes reported to the FBI, or 60%, were promulgated because o f race, with close to two-thirds (62%) targeting African Americans. African Americans may be the most targeted race but other races are targeted as well, such as Hispanics, Chinese and after the recent September 11 attacks on the world trade center Arab Americans have become an increasingly alarming target in the United States. And in addition to racial hate crimes there are crimes that involve religious discrimination, gender discrimination, homosexuality and in some cases people with ...

George S. Patton

General Patton and The Third Army Stephanie B. Lawson American History II Professor Clark Abstract General George S. Patton Jr. lived from November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945. Even today, Patton is considered to be one of the world’s greatest generals. When he was called upon to perform, he always meant business, even in emergencies. He led The Third Army into combat with the Nazi Germans. In little to no time, America recognized The Third Army’s great success and bravery. They swept through battles and conquered with admirable confidence, persistence, and excellence.From 1941 until 1943, the Third Army was led by Lieutenant General Walter Kreuger (Province). General Kreuger strived to make the Third Army the best army in the United States. In Kreuger’s army, there were two men who would later become very well known. Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of these men. The second was none other than George S. Patton. As Kreuger approached age 65, he became too old to be in command of the army and changed positions. Lieutenant General Courtney H. Hodges commanded the Third Army after Kreuger’s leave.Hodges had been in WWI and had also fought under the leadership of Kreuger. Hodges was not half the leader that Kreuger was, unfortunately. He mostly left his duties to those in position under him (Province). Hodges was eventually removed from his position because of his lack of leadership. However, while Hodges was leading the Third Army, they officially changed from a training army to a combat army on December 31, 1943 (Province). In 1943 on New Year’s Eve, the Third Army boarded ships for England to undergo training for possible invasions in the future.When they arrived in Scotland, the Third Army met their new commander – General George S. Patton Jr. The day after they had arrived, the Third Army was gathered together. General Patton then proceeded to give a tremendous but short speech on their future endeavors. He discussed the German Nazis and what they had done, â€Å"We're here because some crazy Germans decided they were supermen and that they had a right to rule the world. They've been pushing people around all over the world, looting, killing, and abusing millions of innocent men, women, and children.They were getting ready to do the same thing to us. We have to fight to protect ourselves. † Patton went on to discuss further low opinion of the Nazis and concluded his speech with, â€Å"That's all. Good luck† (Province). The same year that Patton began his commandment over the Third Army, they started making records. The Third Army shocked the world with its accomplishments. They had only had one general order from Patton; â€Å"Seek out the enemy, trap him, and destroy him†(Province). German soldiers were always wondering what Patton’s next move was going to be.Patton’s methods were unlike the conventional methods of America, The Third Army mainly trapped German soldiers, most of which surrender or were killed. The Third Army and General Patton were constantly undergoing attack – they persisted through the roughest of weather and terrain (Province). Perhaps one of the biggest helps for the Third Army was America’s constant invention of new war methods to overcome their obstacles. The Third Army also greatly succeeded because of their excellent teamwork abilities; everyone had a specific job and each performed his job to the best of his ability.Front liners were often the ones killed, and â€Å"back liners† supplied the front with items such as food, weaponry, and clothing. Patton is quoted as saying, â€Å"No matter how small your job might seem, it's important in the vast scheme of things. Every job is important† (Province). Patton understood the need for every man in his army. It was this mindset of teamwork and perseverance that pushed this army across France. In 1944, Patton and his Third Army were slowed du e to lack of supplies that were needed.Eisenhower had focused his support on another mission, causing The Third Army to lose much needed items. Many even today feel that if this decision had not been made, the war would have ended much sooner because of The Third Army. The Germans took this chance to reestablish their front lines. However, The Third Army still pushed forward in whatever ways possible to keep their minds sharp for battle. They built up many supplies during their forced wait (Province). Once November came, The Third Army finally received approval to continue on with their mission. They went straight for Metz, a German city.They lost some soldiers due to harsh weather conditions, but shocked the world by overcoming without losing many more soldiers. The Germans were forced to pull back and the city was overtaken (Province). The Battle of The Bulge showed the world just how incredible Patton and his army were – time after time, Patton had the utmost faith in his staff. Time after time, they astonished American leaders with their success. The Germans had been beaten down, but weren’t ready to give in. Neither were Patton and his army. Despite the cold, frigid conditions, they kept fighting.Patton, in seeing his army’s diligence remarked, â€Å"By God, I’m proud of them† (Province). On January 28th, the Germans were forced back. The Battle of the Bulge was over. This marked the beginning of the end. Patton and his Third Army were the main reason The Allies overcame. Patton’s great leadership guided them through each battle and brought out the greatness in each solider. Patton displayed constant care and concern for his army, and even once issued a Christmas greeting prayer card to each soldier. It read, â€Å"To each officer and soldier in the Third United States Army, I wish a Merry Christmas.I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty, and skill in battle. We march in our might to complete vi ctory. May God's blessing rest upon each of you on this Christmas Day† (Province). Patton played a very significant role in the Allie’s great success. Without him, we may have still conquered, but he definitely kept many soldiers alive along with America’s passionate hope. Reference The Patton Society Research Library The Third Army in WWII | Metal Letters. Patton Society Homepage. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from http://www. pattonhq. com/textfiles/thirdhst. html

Effective Financial Management And Solutions To Glee Plc Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3144 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Glee plc is large listed company where their sport equipment products are doing well in the market but their profits are doing not well, the new investment that they are currently investing are in the problem. The company has a few of problems that they need to be improve, such as how and where to raise funds, reduce cost of capital by using balanced capital structure and the technique of investment appraisal to have more investment opportunities. Glee plc can go for long-term finance such as equity finance or debt financing to raise their company funds depending on their company financial condition, which the best suit of them will be the chosen one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Financial Management And Solutions To Glee Plc Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Before making any investment, no matter what funds that Glee plc is taking, the cost of capital should be calculated first in order to get the minimum return to the cost of capital. The lower cost of capital will be the main objective. There are some arguments of capital structure debate such as, Traditional view and the Modigliani Millers view in 1958 1963. There are four techniques of investment appraisal are bring to discuss also such as, payback period, net present value, accounting rate of return and internal rate of return. It is important to know how to manage the financial smartly, so that it only can achieve the companys objective. 1.0 Introduction Glee plc founded in 2005 and the company is the largest established listing company of manufacturing sports equipment based in Singapore. Glee plc fails to manage their financial properly and their profit is underperforming. They do not know where to get the ideal sources of finance and do not aware about the important of having a balanced capital structure to achieve a low cost capital. Besides, they have no structured approach to appraising investment opportunities. This report is to highlight to let the company aware of the dangers if they do not manage the above areas effectively. I will discuss the sources of finance, cost of capital, capital structuring and investment appraisal technique in order to improve Glee plcs finance performance. 2.0 Sources of finance Cost of capital A various sources of long-term finance are where Glee plc can obtain the funds for further investment. As such, the cost of funds that undertake should have a minimum return or equal to cost of capital. 2.1 Sources of long-term finance It is suggest that long-term finance is the most suitable for Glee plc because the payback period will be more than one year and sometimes it has no obligation for repayment. Two options to get the funds are equity finance and debt finance. 2.1.1 Equity finance This financing money are comes from the shareholders where they sell its ownership to the outsider investors. Two equity finance sources are ordinary shares and retained earnings. Under ordinary shares, Glee plc may issue new share to the public where by using offer for sale, public issue and private placing or another way by rights issue to company existing shareholder. For retained earnings, the decision that Glee plc decide will not influence the shareholder. The advantages are Glee plc need not do any re-payment of capital to the investors that wish to sell their shares. For dividends, it only requires to pay when company is in the profit year. For the disadvantages, Glee plc may lose their ownership to other investors when they issue more shares. It is very expensive and wasting time, it may brings suffer to Glee plc business as it takes long time to bring to an attention. 2.1.2 Debt financing This financing can obtain through outsider third parties while maintaining the wholly control of your business. Debt financing can be in term loan, bonds, convertible securities, leasing and issue warrants. The advantages are Glee plc enables to maintain the ownership where there are no third parties involved. Besides, it has tax deduction benefits where the interest expenses on loan can be tax deductible. For the disadvantages, the higher debt financing will lead Glee plc going into bankruptcy because the interest rate is still high. Glee plc will need to do repayment on time no matter there is profit or not. 2.2 Cost of capital Cost of capital is the cost of debt and equity that undertaking capital budgeting. Whatever investment that Glee plc make, the funds that undertake should have a minimum return or equal to the cost of capital. Whichever sources of funds that Glee plc take into, it required to pay the cost because different types of sources fund will have different cost. As such, the cost should be at low by dealing with the mixture. The cost of capital will be such as, cost of debt, cost of preferred share capital and cost of equity. Lower cost is the objective. The cost of debt (Kd) calculates the interest rate payment that Glee plc borrow money from. The cost of preferred share capital (Kp) is the required return rate where shareholder of Glee plc expected on. The cost of equity (Ke) calculates the cost of using equity finance in Glee plc. Kd is lower level of gearing because of its lower return and it is less expensive due to tax deductible on interest debt. Ke is high level of gearing because investor expecting higher return and is more expensive because of paying dividends. Besides, when Glee plc sell off the equity, you will be selling off your future share performance where this are too much more value compare to the normal interest debt that charge on Glee plc. This is why Ke is always higher than Kd. 2.2.1 Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) WACC refer to average cost of Glee plcs finance, the lower WACC is the greatest one. Each sources of capital should be determined first before Glee plc can determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC will influence the market value and when WACC is lower, the share price will become higher. Therefore, Glee plc should determine the debt cost, preferred share capital cost and equity cost to let WACC become lower. 3.0 Capital structure debate This will look on how Glee plc combine the debt and equity financing to look for an optimum capital structure as this concern shareholder wealth. It is important to reduce the WACC by lowest to maximize the shareholder wealth. Three capital structures that Glee plc should have looked on it are Traditional View, Modigliani Millers View (Without tax 1958) and Modigliani Millers View (With tax 1963). The debate then arises between both of these Views in order to achieve an optimum capital structure. 3.1 Traditional View Traditional view points out that the higher debt in capital structure of a company, the lowest WACC it has because the cost of debt is lower than the cost of equity and enables it to use a lower discount rate for project appraisal, and thus increase the value of the company and shareholder wealth (University of Sunderland 2007). The graphs explain that when the gearing increase, the cost of equity will rise because the shareholders financial risk is increase and the cost of debt will also go upward when it at high gearing level. It shows an optimal point where the WACC is at the lowest point. As for market value, companys debt and equity increased when cost of capital decreased. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Traditional View graphs 3.2 Modigliani Millers View (MM) MM have a different opinion towards Traditional view and their model come out with two views, MM model without tax on 1958 and with tax on 1963. 3.2.1 Modigliani Millers View without tax 1958 MM argue that a companys total value and WACC as constant no matter what is the gearing level. How the company mix with debt and equity will not affect WACC. However, the criticisms on MM model are there are no taxation, no costs involved in changing capital structure such as issue and dealing costs and there is interest rate applies to both borrowers and lenders (University of Sunderland 2007). The graphs explain that when the WACC remain constant, the market value of the company will remain constant as well. The WACC of geared company equal with WACC of ungeared company. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Level of gearing Modigliani Millers view without tax 1958 graphs 3.2.2 Modigliani Millers View with tax 1963 A second version of MM model that take taxation into account, where interest payment is allow for corporation taxes, which bring benefit to shareholders. It encourages company to borrow as much as possible basis because of the lower cost of debt capital and the WACC will drop because of the benefit tax very high. However, the criticism on this are capital market are perfect, enabling companies to raise finance whatever their current borrowing levels. Companies cannot raise additional debt finance without limit. In addition, they do become insolvent when they have so much debt that they cannot make interest payments or repay capital (University of Sunderland 2007). Below are the graphs. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Level of gearing Modigliani Millers View with tax 1963 graphs 4.0 Investment appraisal It could bring Glee plc into dangerous financial situation if it does not manage the above areas effectively. Glee plc could end up making lost or even worse end up bankruptcy. In order to make improvement to Glee plcs financial performance, I would like to discuss about the types of investment appraisal available. Investment appraisal are generally known as capital budgeting. It is a process of making investment for major capital projects. Usually, long-term investments are the most main concern decisions in any field of business because it expected to gain higher returns in future. Investment appraisals are carried out to make the comparison of the cost of investment of a project whether the investments are able to gain any yield returns over a period and examine whether it is worth it or not to investment. It is important because it helps company to make smart long-term investments where the cash and assets are well invested in and generate the greatest returns for the projects. Besides, the risk of the investment in Glee plcs new project can be measure out to minimize the risk. Four types of technique investment appraisal that Glee plc should consider are payback period, Net Present Value (NPV), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). 4.1 Payback period Is the technique to measure the duration of time that a project took to pay off its investment capital cost. Payback period shows how fast is the cash inflows deal with the cash outflows, the fastest return is the better one and then accepted. For example, two alternative projects, Project A and B whose has the initial investment of 120,000 and each cash flow are as per table (refer appendix 1), which Project will be prefer? Project B will be chosen because Project B investment recovered fastest on the third year. It has the merits of quick and basic calculation and the concept are easy to understand. Second, if Glee plc would like to buy the new machinery to replace the old one, the fastest payback on the investment is necessary. The limitations are Glee plc cannot decide the duration of ideal payback time. It does not concern the time value of money. Furthermore, payback usually concern of cash flow only, it does not concern the profit of Glee plcs business. 4.2 Accounting rate of return (ARR) ARR is a method estimates the accounting rate of return of a projects generates, as a percentage of the investment in the project. ARR concern more on the annual profit on the project rather than looking at the cash flow and can be use to compare the profits gained between several project, the highest percentage are the most attractive investment because it gives higher return. For example, company X wants to buy a new machine. Two models machine available and no disposal value and the companys average target of ARR is 35% (refer appendix 2). Which machine should the company X choose? Conclusion is to buy machine B because it gives highest ARR at 43.3%, which over the companys average target at 35%. It has the merits of simple understanding concept and calculation where it makes easy for your managers and investor because it uses the term profit. Furthermore, ARR looks into the overall of the project life. The limitations are it does not concern the time value of money and the timing of the profits earned from a project. Besides, ARR does not have specified decision to guide your managers whether it is worth it or not to invest. The lack of strategies making an investment decisions are still subjective. 4.3 Net present value (NPV) NPV is a technique that calculates all the relevant present value cash inflows and outflows that involved with an investment. Cash flow in the future years are adjusted to a present value by discounting the cash flows using suitable discount rate, therefore NPV technique takes time value of money into account. A positive NPV outcome is the project that should be focus on. For example, two alternative projects, project A and B, using the cost of capital of 10% and the estimated cash flow are as per table (refer appendix 3), which of the two projects the NPV would choose? Project A will be choosing because it has a positive NPV. The merits are it helps Glee plc to concern the overall project lifespan and have a time value of money. It also enables your managers to consider the risk of future cash flow and maximize the Glee plcs shareholder wealth. The limitations are it could be difficult to calculate where some of your managers might not be familiar with the NPV concept. Besides, NPV is hard to determine the accurate discount rate and cost of capital are required in order to calculate the NPV. 4.4 Internal rate of return (IRR) IRR is a true interest rate earned by the investment over a project where the sum of discounted cash inflow is equal to discounted cash outflow. IRR is use to compare the rates or return and calculate the rate of return that reduces the NPV equal to zero. It concern breakeven point. When the IRR is higher, your project should best to be accepted. For example, Company X is considering buying a machine at the cost of 120,000, which can save cost of 40,000 per annum for 5 years, resale value of 10,000 at the end of the fifth year. Yield return of 10%. Is the project should be taken? (refer appendix 4). Company X will buy the machine because the IRR shows higher at 21.80%. The merits are it helps Glee plc concerns the time value of money and the cash flow of your project. Furthermore, the discount rate does not have to be specified before the IRR is calculated and cost of capital no need to calculate because the profitability of the project can be check without any calculation of cost capital. The limitations are the calculation and the concept is hard to understand. IRR is not an ideal to make comparison between two projects because it can give a conflict answer. Among the four techniques above, NPV is the best because when NPV is positive, it will generate more cash for your project and therefore it brings advantage if your company main objective is to maximize the shareholder wealth. 5.0 Conclusion As conclusion, there is no right and wrong answer to choose which sources financing is the best. Either one or both can be choose depends on Glee plcs company size and the company cash flow ability. Other factors to consider are such as, the cost of financing, duration of borrowings money and the company current gearing level. Cost can be reducing by dealing with the mixture and find out the WACC, the lowest WACC will be the best. No matter what decision financing Glee plc is making, as long to maximize the company shareholder wealth is the overall company main objective. 6.0 References Advameg Inc (2010). Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Bre-Cap/Capital-Structure.html (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Advameg Inc (2010). Debt financing. (Online). Available from: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Co-Di/Debt-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Understanding capital structure theory: Modigliani and Miller. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/balance-sheets-checklists/understanding-capital-structure-theory-modigliani-and-miller (Accessed 14 Dec 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Payback period . (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/business-strategy-calculations/payback-period (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Appraising investment opportunities. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/business-strategy-checklists/appraising-investment-opportunities (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Weighted average cost of capital. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/balance-sheets-calculations/weighted-average-cost-of-capital (Accessed 8 Dec 2010) Business Link (2010). Investment appraisal techniques. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822252 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Accounting rate of return. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822244 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Advantages and disadvantages of equity finance. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073789573type=RESOURCES (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Investment appraisal techniques. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944r.i=1081822501type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822890r.t=RESOURCES (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Enotes.com Inc (2010). Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.enotes.com/small-business-encyclopedia/capital-structure (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Finance website (2010). Disadvantages of equity financing. (Online). Available from: https://financewebsite.org/Disadvantages-of-Equity-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Finance website (2010). Advantages of debt financing. (Online). Available from: https://financewebsite.org/Advantages-of-Debt-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Muhammad Ansar (2010). What are investment appraisal techniques? (Online). Available from: https://www.helium.com/items/1507869-investment-appraisal-techniques-npv-apv-payback-arr-irr (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Peavler, R. (2010). Debt and equity financing. (Online). Available from: https://bizfinance.about.com/od/generalinformatio1/a/debtequityfin.htm (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Putra. (2009). How to calculate the cost of capital. (Online). Available from: https://accounting-financial-tax.com/2009/06/how-to-calculate-the-cost-of-capital/ (Accessed 4 Dec 2010) Putra. (2009). Cost of capital formula and calculation. (Online). Available from: https://accounting-financial-tax.com/2009/04/cost-of-capital-formula-and-calculation/ (Accessed 4 Dec 2010) Sanjay Borad (2009). Financial leverage/Financing mix/Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.efinancemanagement.com/financial-leverage/61 (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Smith, F. (2010). Capital budgeting techniques and investment appraisal. (Online). Available from: https://www.suite101.com/content/capital-budgeting-techniques-and-investment-appraisal-a289861 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Stock Research Pro (2009). A weighted average cost of capital(WACC) calculator. (Online). Available from: https://www.stockresearchpro.com/a-weighted-average-cost-of-capital-wacc-calculator (Accessed 8 Dec 2010) Timeweb (2010). Investment appraisal. (Online). Available from: https://www.bized.co.uk/timeweb/reference/using_experiments.htm (Accessed 17 Nov 2010)

The Description Of Spring, By The Knight, The Parson, And...

The description of spring, where the General Prologue begins, is long and formal compared to the dialectal of the rest of the Prologue. The first lines place the story in a specific time and place, but the speaker does this in cosmic and repeated terms, praising the energy and fruitfulness of spring. This method gives the opening lines a dreamy, unending, blurred quality, and it is surprising when the narrator tells that he is going to describe a pilgrimage that he took rather than telling a love story. In the General Prologue, there are characters that are introduced with regard to Christianity and to the Church. These icons of religion represent the corruption of the church, for the Summoner summons people on a subjective basis, while the Pardoner sells fake relics. Chaucer establishes an idea of Christianity expressed in the knight, the parson, and the plowman. The Knight has battled in crusades the world over, and comes closer than any of the other characters to personifying the principles of his calling. But even in his case, the narrator implies a small separation between the knight and His role: the Knight doesn’t merely demonstrate chivalry, truth, honor, freedom, and courtesy; he treats it as though he loves them. His qualities are due to his self-conscious search of clearly considered principles. Additionally, the Knight’s conduct is noteworthy. Not only is he a worthy warrior, he is sensible in the image of himself that he projects. His appearance is strategic toShow MoreRelatedThe Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales4628 Words   |  19 Pagesthe Knight, the Parson and the Plowman. Women were often treated as an estate to themselves. The basic tripartite division of society, for instance, is reflected in Chaucer’s making his Knight, Parson and Plowman the three ideal characters on the pilgrimage- along with the Clerk to stand for those who learn and teach. However, I have to admit that this division is not so obvious, which I explained below. ‘Chaucer starts the introduction of pilgrims with the highest-ranking layman, the Knight, withRead MoreQuestions Macbeth Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesdescribed in the opening passage of The Canterbury Tales is spring. According to the narrator, when the season comes the people long to go on pilgrammages. 2) English people want to go down to Canterbury to seek the holy martyr, St. Thomas a Becket. 3) The narrator claims he meets some twenty nine pilgrims. 4) The Knight has fought in Alexandria, Prussia, Lithuania, Granada, North Africa, and Anatolia. 5) If the Knight beats his opponents in the tournament ring, he kills them. Read MoreSub--Chaucer art of characterization as found in prologue of Canterbury by marufa sultana.2939 Words   |  12 PagesChaucer begins the Prologue with a beautiful announcement of spring. This introduction is the voice of the Poet, polished, elegant, and finished. He tells us that just as Nature has a predictable course through the seasons, so does human nature follow a seasonal pattern, which causes people to want to break out of winters confinement and go traveling in the spring. Thus the stage is set for Chaucer, who is the Narrator of this poem. Twenty-nine travelers meet at the Tabard Inn in London beforeRead More How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant2577 Words   |  11 PagesHow Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant Character? ‘The Canterbury Tales’ is a selection of stories written in Middle English. On a spring day in April sometime in the 14th century 29 pilgrims (including Chaucer as a character 30) set out for Canterbury on a pilgrimage. Among them is a knight, a monk, a prioress, two nun’s, the friar, the squire, the yeoman, the merchant, a clerk, a sergeant of the law, a wealthy landowner, a doctor, the wife of Bath, a supplierRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesbut containing no ending rhyme. Lines of verse contain forms closest to that of natural speaking, yet are flexible and adaptive. 14. characterization principles: characters should be 1) consistent in their behaviors, 2)their words and actions should spring from motivations the reader can understand, and 3) plausible and lifelike 15. cinquain: a five line stanza 16. conceit: in literature, fanciful or unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship. The device was

Social Disorganization Theory By The Chicago School

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Case in point, the theory proposes that young people from bad neighbourhoods take part in a subculture which supports on doing deviant activities and that these young people in this way gain criminality in this cultural a nd social setting. Criminologists, and in addition to other social researchers, take a gander at numerous things when attempting to refute what causes individuals to deviate from social and group norms with respect to their criminal actions. Therefore, It takes after that sociologists have created social structure speculations with an end goal to link behaviour examples to social-economic control and other social variables. Emerging from the social structure theories is social disorganizationShow MoreRelatedEssay about Social Disorginization theory 1296 Words   |  6 PagesShaw and McKay (1942) focused their research on the rapidly expanding city of Chicago Illinois in the early 1900’s. 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It Pays to Fly Full-Service Managerial Marketing Free Essays

It Pays to Fly Full-Service Rene Gonzalez Jr. Ashford University Managerial Marketing BUS 620 Larry Flegle November 28, 2011 It Pays to Fly Full-Service In this essay I will create a nine-component marketing plan on flying full-service business class with Delta opposed to flying with a discounted low-fare carrier like Southwest. As the economy struggles and air travel becomes more competitive it is not easy to establish the best niche market strategy for an airline. We will write a custom essay sample on It Pays to Fly Full-Service: Managerial Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teplensky defined (as cited in Parrish, Cassill, Oxenham, 2006) niche market strategy as, â€Å"an emphasis on a particular need, geographic, demographic, or product segment† (p. 95). Therefore, it would be ideal for Delta to seek a more specific niche in air travel and differentiate by precisely satisfying customers’ needs; rather than attempting to generalize broad niches that only partly satisfy customers’ needs as a whole. Company Overview/ Description of Location Delta Air Lines Inc. has their corporate headquarters in Atlanta Georgia. However, Delta Air Lines Inc. has a vast worldwide airline system. Delta serves over 160 million customers annually, and offers 356 destinations in 65 countries. Additionally, Delta has over 80 years of passenger service, more than 80,000 employees, and 700 aircraft that spread across six continents. Packed with an array of good services, Delta offers more than 13,000 daily flights, SkyMiles rewards (frequent flier plan), the world’s largest airline loyalty partnership, over 50 Sky-Clubs, and an award-winning BusinessElite program (Delta Air Lines Inc. , 2011). Description of Product or Service Focusing primarily on business amenities, Delta has a worldwide collection of services for businessmen and businesswomen. They have incentive SkyBonuses, extensive Corporate Travel Agreements, and their Universal Air Travel Plans (UATP Card). The SkyBonus services allow small-to-mid-sized businesses better incentive rewards for their business travels. For example, earning more points than typical travelers, which can be easily claimed as: upgrades, flights purchases, and Sky-Club passes. Their Corporate Travel Agreement offers a greater variety of destinations with a four-in-one worldwide airline partnership. Delta even provides a dedicated account manager to handle all business travel arrangements. The UATP Card allows any businesses the means to closely manage their travel expenses with a centralized payment system. Additionally, the UATP Card has no annual fees, no deposit limits, and no per-card charges (Delta Air Lines Inc. , 2011). Other comprehensive amenities that Delta offers their business travelers are: BusinessElite, Sky Priority seating, first class services, Sky-Clubs, SkyMiles, meetings/networking, private jets, shuttling/chartering, and Wi-Fi. The BusinessElite offers gourmet meals, exquisite wines, full-size pillows, flat bed seating, priority baggage services, and state-of-the-art entertainment. Everything in BusinessElite is intended to help customers arrive at their destination on time and refreshed. Within the Delta Sky Priority there is no need to stress or wait in lines. As a result, valuable time is saved at check-in, reservation desks, security, boarding, and baggage claim. Under the Delta meeting/network program an event organizer will coordinate group business travel with 10 or more individuals. Additionally, in an effort to make inner city transportation to-and-from the airport easier, Delta provides private shuttling/charter assistance too. Moreover, in situations that 40 or fewer personnel need to be transported Delta can ease time constraints with their transit system. Even if there is a need for a specialized private business travel arrangement Delta has 27 years of safety and heritage with their private jet services. Delta holds the highest and lonest ARG/US Platinum safety rating of any other operation. Lastly, Delta can keep businessmen and businesswomen connected whether waiting at the terminal or in flight. Power outlets are always conveniently located within arms reach, and Wi-Fi is offered in all flights within the continental US (Delta Air Lines Inc. 2011). It is apparent that Delta has numerous amenities to offer business class travelers; currently it is just a matter of what options travelers choose to use. Description of Competitors In this case Southwest Airlines Co. (a low-cost carrier) is the identified competition. Southwest has 40 years of passenger service experience. Additionally, Southwest has an a verage of 3,400 daily departure flights and nearly a total of 35,000 employees. Within 2010 Southwest operated 550 Boeing 737 jets, which carried a total of 88 million passengers to 72 different cities within 37 states. As a result, Southwest is the largest domestic airline in the U. S. (National Transportation, 2010). Southwest offers Priority Lane access, Rapid Rewards (frequent flier plan), some in-flight Wi-Fi capabilities, and economy beverages/snack services. However, the Rapid Rewards is limited to domestic traveling only because Southwest does not offer international flights. Also, the Wi-Fi provided is only on limited numbers of aircraft, and the beverage/snack services do not cover full meals. The high operational extent of Southwest’s capabilities can illustration by their longest flight, which is between T. F. Green Airport in Rhode Island to McCarran International Airport in Nevada. The grant total for their longest flight is 2,363 miles (Southwest Airlines Co. , 2011). Southwest does not appear to cater to many business class travelers’ special needs. There are some amenities that businessmen and businesswomen can take advantage of with Southwest. For example, EarlyBird Check-In, ground transportation, and Business Select fare benefits. Their EarlyBird Check-In allows for early seat selection, and no penalties when changing flights. Additionally, Southwest offers ground transportation within immediate areas of airports. The Business Select gives Priority Lane access when boarding, premium drink, priority seating, and gives extra Rapid Reward Points. (Southwest Airlines Co. , 2011). Subsequently, Southwest was founded on low fares, low costs, and dedication to the highest quality of customer service (Southwest Airlines Co. , 2011). As a result of Southwest’s strategy is an example of sacrifices differentiation by focusing on low-fares. Notably, Southwest does employ a actic to somewhat distinguish their self between other low-fare carriers–they pride on providing the highest quality of customer service as possible. Southwest’s plan is to deliver superior customer service with a sense of warmth, friendliness, and individual pride, which will shift more consumers their way (Southwest Airlines Co. , 2011). Nevertheless, Southwest’s tactic is seemingly insignificant, but Delta should consi der this when designing their new marketing plan by ensuring they too offer superior customer service. Executive Summary of Marketing Plan Delta has numerous business class amenities that need to be reviewed to determine their demand. Is it necessary to have every amenity offered at every location Delta serves, or can some be excluded? Could some amenities be combined to increase efficiency? The objective is to get rid of amenities that are not desired and concentration more on efficiency across all Delta divisions. Thus, satisfying business class needs with geographic attentiveness. It is important not to just implement amenities for the sake of implementation. Delta needs to understand business class consumer needs, and should develop suitable amenities for them. Delta can learn from their current business class consumers by giving surveys before, during, or after flights. It wound be even more efficient to utilize technology (Internet) because it would be cheaper to e-mail surveys instead of hand mailing or handing them out on flights. Additionally, other avenues should be adopted too; more interactive and crafty methods could help in attaining vital survey information (determine amenity demand). For example, incentive sweepstakes with the option of meeting popular musicians or actors to entice more people into completing surveys. Mullins (2010) stated, â€Å"The advent of new digital media—from the Internet to e-mail to text messaging via mobile telephones—has opened a vast array of new opportunities to take integrated marketing communication —IMC for short—to a whole new level† (p 342). Notably, Delta cannot attempt to utilize the same survey gathering methods in every region of the world. Obviously, popular musicians and actors will differ between regions in the world. Similar to how the demand of business class amenities will likely differ too. Delta’s advertisement campaign will be directed toward business class travelers, and will need to effectively communicate the value of choosing full-serve oppose to low-cost. Additionally, a universal consumer appeal will need to be used (where applicable) as long as effective communication is not sacrificed. Much deliberation should be put forth to prevent negative emotions, and that the correct target market is reached. Moreover, the used of new technological interactive forms of advertisement would be ideal, which can also double as a medium to gather extra consumer information. For example, concentrating advertisements in big cities and employing smartphone-barcodes that feature interactive games or sweepstakes. Note, to conserve on campaign expenses advertisement efforts should decrease as distance extents outside of city limits–due to likelihood of a smaller business class population. In summary the current situation for Delta is having a vast unfocused business amenity operation without geographic specification. Additionally, their competition is low-cost airlines like Southwest who does not seek to differentiate their operations by satisfying specific business class consumer demands. Therefore, Delta’s strategy can capitalize on shortfalls of low-cost carriers and differentiation by providing superior business quality travel with efficiency. Resulting from Delta maximizing information gathering and improving efficient operations they will save valuable capital. This will allow Delta to remain moderately cost competitive with low-fare carriers like Southwest. The last concern is how Delta will successfully reach the proper target market to spread the word –â€Å"It pays to fly full-service. † Description of the Target Market Airline travel is a homogeneous market however every traveler does not desire the same exact benefit (Mullins Walker, 2010). For example, Southwest primarily focuses on low-fares, but Delta seeks to differentiate by superior product quality and performance. Consequently, consumers that value low-cost air travel will likely choose Southwest–Right? No, a low-cost carrier is not always the best option based on lowest price alone. A main concern of Delta will be how to influence business class consumers to fly full-service opposed to flying with other discounted low-fare carriers. A strategic advertisement campaign will be used to prove Delta’s worthiness, but reaching the correct target market is important. Within the broad market of air travel some consumers will seek absolute low-cost, others will be unsure (low-cost or full-service), and there will be those that clearly favor full-service. For those consumers that seek absolute low-cost or are unsure, Delta needs to reach out to them. Delta can justify how they are more suitable through proper geographic-advertisement–by offering regionally specific business class amenities. Additionally, by focusing on the most efficient operation process possible, Delta can help keep pricing lower. As a result, consumers can notice it is reasonable to switch despite prices being moderately higher with Delta. For advertisements to reach the correct target market there are three ways Delta can identify their business class travelers: market segmentation, target marketing, and positioning. Segmentation decisions are best made in one of three ways: who, where, and how they behave (Mullins Walker, 2010, p. 181). Businessmen and businesswomen are who the consumers are, cities worldwide are where they are (primarily), and how they behave is relevant the business amenities they use/require when traveling between worldwide. Demographically, business class individuals come in different ethnicities, sizes, ages, and sex. Geographically, they are located worldwide primarily in big cities and decreases outward toward rural areas. Behaviorally, business class individuals travel frequent; adhere to tight schedules, utilized technology frequently, etc. Preferably, Delta can learn from the past mistakes of others and take advantage of proper global market segmentation. Historically global market segmentation has been incorrect discerning that one country segment is the same as another (Mullins Walker, 2010, pp. 197-231). All countries do not fall within the same segment, and Delta can capitalize by specifically enhancing business travel in different regions around the orld. For example, the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is a rapidly developing country. Delta can acknowledge a large European business and American business influence in the region. As a result, should geographically cater to specific business class amenities between the regions. By recognizing the United States, Europe, Asia, etc. as different segments and understanding where the segments are influencing each other–businesswiseâ €“will give Delta the advantage to better differentiate. Marketing Budget Delta is currently investing $2 billion through 2013 into facilities, products, services, and technology, which is intended to better enhance customer experiences (Delta Air Lines Inc. , 2011). That along with the capital saved from developing more efficient processes with geographic specification should give leeway in a new marketing budget. Managers must hold vital roles in implementing or eliminating operation and/or amenities, both domestically and internationally. However, uniformity should be kept to insure proper communication between global regions is well organized. A single system for regulation (implementation or elimination) will facilitate cooperation between every location Delta serves (Mullins Walker, 2010). Pricing Strategy Airlines are price competitive conscientious, but still need to understand consumer needs, and how to satisfy them in order to make a profit. It is not always best to solely concentrate on lowest pricing. Regarding low-cost and differentiation (Mullins, 2010) stated, â€Å"Businesses taking the low-cost approach typically compete primarily by offering the lowest prices in the industry. Such prices allow little room for the firm to make the investments or cover the costs inherent in maintaining superior product quality, performance, or service over time† (p. 442). Therefore, if Delta seeks to correctly satisfy specific niches (business class travelers) with superior quality, and performance they cannot primarily focus on lowermost competitive pricing solely. Additionally, utilizing a competition-based pricing strategy (relies on pricing habits of competitors) Delta can place their pricing moderately above competitors’ ricing, which can help provided better creditability. In some cases, an airline’s consumer perception of quality is degraded if their pricing offered is the lowest compared to other airlines. For example, consumers may assume the lowest priced airline(s) are less safe, have subpar aircrafts, etc. Lastly, lower pricing adversely affects the profit margin, and budgeting, which would hinder Delta’s ability to provide superior qu ality, and performance into the future (Anderson, 2011). Investment Savings Delta has much to consider when evaluating what amenities should be offered to their business class consumers. Delta will need to assess what processes should be removed or included. Additionally, there are many environmental issues that negatively affect airline efficiency and pricing today that Delta will need to take into account as well. For example, struggling economy, increased fuel expenses/depleting fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions/global warming, consumer safety, etc. It is key to understand what business class consumers are willing to pay for, what they do not necessarily desire, and how foreseen/unforeseen environmental issues could adversely affect airline operations. Delta will need to focus on efficiency that will eliminate fraud, waste, and abuse. Thus, saving valuable capital, which can be put towards future efforts to adapt and overcome negative environmental airline issues. For example, increasing R;D (Research and Development) funding. R;D goals could be to seek alternative fuel (green energy) aircraft engines, or at least streamlining the current fossil fuel engines to conserve expensive jet fuel. Additionally, strategic upper management decision-making (efficient implementation or elimination) will keep Delta moderately price competitive while brining in significant future profits. Summary and Implementation Plan Implementation of a new marketing plan is not unnecessary. Delta has the need for a new marketing plan as technology spreads worldwide and new economies are rapidly growing is distance regions. Business efforts of regions are helping to influence and advance other regions. Therefore, increasing the need for efficient business class travel, and justifies a new marketing plan. Delta will need to prove it is best to fly full-service business class opposed to flying with other discounted low-fare carriers like Southwest. The implemented marketing plan will be centered on Delta taking an analyzer strategy to defend and differentiation–with efficient and superior business quality travel. Management, across all regions will take a crucial role in regulating the new marketing plan. As a result, Delta will defend by keeping cost relatively low, which will save capital and bring in profits. Additionally, Delta will be able differentiate with superior business quality travel worldwide. Also due to technological advancement efforts Delta’s RD will avoid other airlines surpassing them, and countering future adverse environmental airline issues (Croteau, 2001). In conclusions a nine-component marketing plan on flying full-service business class with Delta opposed to flying with other discounted low-fare carrier like Southwest was gives. Delta is primarily a well-established airline company. In order for Delta to continue progression into the future they will need to seek more specific niches within their current markets. Additionally, Delta operates worldwide, and needs to adjust to geographic deviations between regional markets. Always looking forward Delta will also need to support future adaption to negative environmental issues. Ultimately, Delta can take the analyzer strategy and strategic managerial oversight to lead Delta’s new marketing plan to a triumph. By defending/differentiate with precision customer satisfaction (business class traveler needs) Delta can gain superior product quality and performance. Thus, proving it pays to fly full-service oppose to low-cost. References Anderson, A. (2011). The Disadvantages of an Everyday Low Pricing Strategy. Retrieved November 22, 2011, from Chron : http://smallbusiness. chron. com/disadvantages-everyday-low-pricing-strategy-23379. html Croteau, A. (2001). An information technology trilogy: business strategy, technological deployment and organizational performance. The How to cite It Pays to Fly Full-Service: Managerial Marketing, Essay examples

Comparison Between Pop Music and Classical Music free essay sample

Music Classical music and popular music are both genres of music that have been in existence for a long time and listened to by the entire populace. Classical music is more complex and appeals to the older population while pop music appeals to the younger population. There are benefits associated with classical music and it is of general opinion that it requires more attention to details than pop music because of its complexity. It Is a known fact that music Is a form of art whose medium Is sound. Its common elements are pitch, rhythm, and dynamics.Music helps in soothing ones disturbed soul and helps us to live life to the fullest; therefore, the aim of music is to touch the core of the heart. Classical music and pop music are two of the many deferent genres of music. Classical music is composed by some of the most brilliant minds in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Pop Music and Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The overall impression of classical music is that it is light, airy, elegant, and well thought out. It Is music in which reason prevails over feeling. Composers thought more about creating beautiful and Interesting works of music than pouring out their personal feeling in their music.Classical period is between 1750 and 1820. This type of music includes opera, chamber music, coral pieces, and music requiring a full orchestra. It is a music rooted in the traditions of western art. Notable of mentioning is Mozart who was considered a musical prodigy and wrote music of highest quality among which Is symphony No. 40 In g minor. (Music Listening Today, Charles Hoofer) On the other hand, pop music which evolved out of rock and roll was Introduced In the mid sasss Is modern day music. It is usually understood to be commercially recorded music that is often oriented awards a youth market. Www. Instigated. Org) Since 1950, pop music has been identified as the music that is accessible to the wildest audience and is often mostly played on the radio. It is often regarded as street music and the artists success is based on the market. Unlike classical music, pop music does not require much education and training. It Is not usually written, performed, and recorded as a symphony or concerto. The basic form for pop music Is the song, which usually consists of verse and repeated chorus. (www. About. Com/do/pompoms).However, lassie music is a complex form of music, which requires high musical skills, and ability to coordinate with other musicians. The performance of classical music demands a significant level of technical mastery on the part of the musician, thorough understanding of tonal and harmonic principles, hence one has to go through proper training before learning this type of music. Today classical music has an elite patronage whereas pop music has more universal appeal. Usually classical music is often perceived as opulent, only appreciated by the upper class.Classical music mostly features in pop music forming background music for movies, television program, and advertisement. Because of this, many people unknowingly regularly listen to classical music. The appeal of pop music lies in Its simple, energetic rhythm, appealing vocal lines, and Its symbolic association with the plight musical skills like learning the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians while maintaining the complex relationship between its emotional flows. (humble. Com).Both classical and pop music in recent times have experimented with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital technique which is the use of computer-generated sounds. In addition, both categories of musicians use the same notes, meters, pitches, and harmonies. Well- known musicians of classical music are Beethoven and George Gershwin while some popular artists of pop music are Brittany spears, the beetles, the rolling stone, ABA, and the legendary pop music star Michael Jackson. It is widely known that classical music is beneficial as it reduces stress and anxiety. Comparison Between Pop Music and Classical Music free essay sample Music helps in soothing ones disturbed soul and helps us to live life to the fullest; therefore, the aim of music is to touch the core Of the heart. Classical music and pop music are two Of the ma NY different genres of music. Classical music is composed by some of the most brilliant minds in the world. The overall impression of classical music is that it is light, airy, elegant, and well thought out. It is music in which reason prevails over feeling. Composers thought more about creating beautiful and interesting works of music than pouring out their personal feeling in their music.Classical period is between 1 750 and 1820. This type of music includes opera, chamber music, coral pieces, and music requiring a full orchestra. It is a music rooted in the traditions of western art. Notable of mentioning is Mozart who was considered a musical prodigy and wrote music of highest quality among which is symphony No. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between Pop Music and Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 40 in g minor. (Music Listening Today, Charles Hoofer) On the other hand, pop music which evolved out of rock and roll was introduced in the mid 1 asss is modern day music. It is usually understood to be commercially recorded music that is often oriented towards youth market. Wandered gig. Org) Since 1950, pop music has been identified as the music that is accessible to the wildest audience and is often mostly played on the radio. It is often regarded as street music and the artists success is based on the market. Unlike classical music, pop music does not require much education and training. It is not usually written, performed, and recorded as a symphony or concerto. The basic form for pop music is the song, which usually consists of verse and repeated chorus. (BMW. About. Com/ odd/pompoms).However, classical music is a complex form of music, which requires high musical skills, and ability to coordinate with other musicians. The performance of classical music demands a significant level of technical mastery on the part of the musician, thorough understanding of tonal and harmonic principles, hence one has to go through proper training before learning this type of music. Today classical music has an elite patronage whereas pop music has more universal appeal. Usually classical music is Often perceived as opulent, only appreciated by the upper class.Classical USIA mostly features in pop music forming background music for movies, television program, and advertisement. Because of this, many people unknowingly urge Larry listen to classical music. The appeal of pop music lies in its simple, energetic rhythm, appealing vocal lines, and its symbolic association with the plight of the underprivileged whereas classical music is a complex form of music requiring musical skills like learning the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians while maintaining the complex relationship between its emotional flows. (www. Puzzle. Com). Both classical ND pop music in recent times have experimented with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital technique which is the use of computer-generated sounds. In addition, both categories of musicians use the same notes, meters, pitches, and harmonies. Well-known musicians of classical music are Beethoven and George Gershwin while some popular artists of pop music are Bribery spears, the beetles, the rolling stone, ABA, and the legendary pop music star Michael Jackson. It is widely known that classical music is beneficial as it reduces stress and anxiety.